Saboda ƙarancin sinadarai masu cutarwa kamar toka, nitrogen, da sulfur a cikin biomass idan aka kwatanta da makamashin ma'adinai, yana da halaye na manyan tanadi, ingantaccen aikin carbon, sauƙin ƙonewa, da kuma manyan abubuwan da ke canzawa. Saboda haka, biomass shine makamashin makamashi mafi kyau kuma ya dace sosai don canza konewa da amfani. Tokar da ta rage bayan konewar biomass tana da wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki da tsire-tsire ke buƙata kamar phosphorus, calcium, potassium, da magnesium, don haka ana iya amfani da ita azaman taki don komawa gona. Ganin yawan albarkatun da ke cikinta da fa'idodin makamashin biomass na musamman, a halin yanzu ana ɗaukarta a matsayin zaɓi mai mahimmanci don haɓaka sabbin makamashi na ƙasa ta ƙasashe a duk faɗin duniya. Hukumar Ci Gaba da Gyara ta Ƙasa ta China ta bayyana a sarari a cikin "Shirin Aiwatar da Cikakken Amfani da Bambaro na Amfani da Itacen Gona a lokacin Tsarin Shekaru Biyar na 12" cewa cikakken ƙimar amfani da bambaro zai kai kashi 75% nan da 2013, kuma yana ƙoƙarin wuce kashi 80% nan da 2015.
Yadda ake mayar da makamashin biomass zuwa makamashi mai inganci, tsafta, da kuma dacewa ya zama matsala ta gaggawa da ake buƙatar magancewa. Fasahar tattara makamashin biomass tana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin inganta ingancin ƙona makamashin biomass da kuma sauƙaƙe sufuri. A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan kayan aiki guda huɗu da aka saba amfani da su a kasuwannin cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje: injin fitar da ƙwayoyin cuta mai karkace, injin buga ƙwayoyin piston, injin cire ƙwayoyin cuta mai faɗi, da injin cire ƙwayoyin cuta mai zobe. Daga cikinsu, ana amfani da injin cire ƙwayoyin zobe sosai saboda halayensa kamar rashin buƙatar dumama yayin aiki, buƙatu masu yawa don abun ciki na danshi na kayan abu (10% zuwa 30%), babban fitarwa na injin guda ɗaya, yawan matsi mai yawa, da kuma kyakkyawan tasirin ƙirƙirar. Duk da haka, waɗannan nau'ikan injunan pellet gabaɗaya suna da rashin amfani kamar sauƙin lalacewa na mold, gajeren lokacin sabis, babban farashin kulawa, da maye gurbin da ba shi da kyau. Dangane da gazawar da ke sama na injin cire ƙwayoyin zobe, marubucin ya yi sabon ƙira na haɓakawa akan tsarin mold ɗin da aka kafa, kuma ya tsara mold mai ƙirƙirar nau'in da aka saita tare da tsawon lokacin sabis, ƙarancin farashin kulawa, da kuma kulawa mai dacewa. A halin yanzu, wannan labarin ya gudanar da bincike na injiniya game da ƙirƙirar mold yayin aikin sa.
1. Inganta Tsarin Tsarin Mold na Zobe Mold Granulator
1.1 Gabatarwa ga Tsarin Samar da Fitarwa:Ana iya raba injin ɗin zobe pellet zuwa nau'i biyu: a tsaye da kwance, ya danganta da matsayin zoben; Dangane da yanayin motsi, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'i biyu daban-daban na motsi: na'urar matsi mai aiki tare da mold zobe mai tsayayye da kuma na'urar matsi mai aiki tare da mold zobe mai tuƙi. Wannan ingantaccen ƙira an fi mayar da hankali ne ga injin zobe na barbashi mai motsi mai aiki da mold zobe mai tsayayye azaman siffar motsi. Ya ƙunshi sassa biyu: tsarin isarwa da kuma tsarin barbashi na zobe. Mold zobe da na'urar matsi sune manyan sassan injin zobe na pellet, tare da ramuka da yawa na mold da aka rarraba a kusa da mold zobe, kuma an sanya na'urar matsi a cikin mold zobe. Na'urar matsi tana da alaƙa da sandar watsawa, kuma an sanya mold zobe akan madauri mai tsayayye. Lokacin da spindle ya juya, yana tura na'urar matsi don juyawa. Ka'idar aiki: Da farko, tsarin isarwa yana jigilar kayan biomass da aka niƙa zuwa wani girman barbashi (3-5mm) zuwa ɗakin matsi. Bayan haka, injin yana tuƙa babban shaft don ya motsa abin naɗin matsi ya juya, kuma abin naɗin matsi yana motsawa cikin sauri don ya wargaza kayan tsakanin abin naɗin matsi da abin naɗin zobe, wanda ke sa abin naɗin zobe ya matse da gogayya da kayan, abin naɗin matsi da kayan, da kuma kayan da kayan suke tare da kayan. A lokacin matse gogayya, cellulose da hemicellulose a cikin kayan suna haɗuwa da juna. A lokaci guda, zafi da aka samu ta hanyar matse gogayya yana laushi lignin ya zama abin ɗaure na halitta, wanda ke sa cellulose, hemicellulose, da sauran abubuwan haɗin su su kasance da ƙarfi sosai. Tare da ci gaba da cike kayan biomass, adadin kayan da ake fuskanta ga matsi da gogayya a cikin ramukan mold da ke samar da kayan yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa. A lokaci guda, ƙarfin matsi tsakanin biomass yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa, kuma yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa da kuma samuwa a cikin ramin matsewa. Lokacin da matsin lamba na fitarwa ya fi ƙarfin gogayya, biomass ɗin yana fitowa akai-akai daga ramukan matsewa da ke kewaye da abin naɗin zobe, yana samar da man ƙera biomass tare da yawan molding na kimanin 1g/Cm3.
1.2 Lalacewar Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙira:Injin da injin pellet ke fitarwa yana da girma, tare da babban matakin sarrafa kansa da kuma ƙarfin daidaitawa ga kayan aiki. Ana iya amfani da shi sosai don sarrafa kayan aiki daban-daban na biomass, wanda ya dace da manyan samar da mai mai yawa na biomass, da kuma biyan buƙatun ci gaban masana'antar mai mai yawa na biomass a nan gaba. Saboda haka, ana amfani da injin pellet na zobe sosai. Saboda yuwuwar kasancewar ƙananan yashi da sauran ƙazanta marasa biomass a cikin kayan biomass da aka sarrafa, yana da yuwuwar haifar da lalacewa mai yawa akan zoben na'urar pellet. An ƙididdige tsawon rayuwar zoben na zobe bisa ga ƙarfin samarwa. A halin yanzu, tsawon rayuwar zoben a China shine 100-1000t kawai.
Rashin nasarar mold ɗin zobe galibi yana faruwa ne a cikin waɗannan abubuwan guda huɗu masu zuwa: ① Bayan mold ɗin zobe ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci, bangon ciki na mold ɗin da ke samar da mold ɗin yana lalacewa kuma buɗewar ta ƙaru, wanda ke haifar da gagarumin lalacewar man da aka samar; ② Zurfin ciyar da ramin mold ɗin da ke samar da mold ɗin zobe yana lalacewa, wanda ke haifar da raguwar adadin kayan biomass da aka matse a cikin ramin mold, raguwar matsin lamba na fitarwa, da kuma toshewar ramin mold ɗin da ke samar da mold ɗin, wanda ke haifar da gazawar mold ɗin zobe (Hoto na 2); ③ Bayan kayan bangon ciki kuma yana rage yawan fitarwa sosai (Hoto na 3);
④ Bayan lalacewar ramin ciki na zoben mold, kauri na bango tsakanin sassan mold da ke kusa da L ya zama siriri, wanda ke haifar da raguwar ƙarfin tsarin zoben mold. Tsagewa suna iya faruwa a cikin mafi haɗari, kuma yayin da tsagewar ke ci gaba da faɗaɗawa, abin da ke haifar da karyewar zoben mold yana faruwa. Babban dalilin sauƙin lalacewa da ƙarancin tsawon lokacin sabis na mold zobel shine tsarin da bai dace ba na zoben mold (mold zoben an haɗa shi da ramukan mold na ƙirƙirar). Tsarin haɗin gwiwa na biyu yana da saurin haifar da irin wannan sakamako: wani lokacin lokacin da ramukan mold kawai suka lalace kuma ba za su iya aiki ba, ana buƙatar maye gurbin dukkan mold zoben, wanda ba wai kawai yana kawo rashin jin daɗi ga aikin maye gurbin ba, har ma yana haifar da asarar tattalin arziki mai yawa kuma yana ƙara farashin kulawa.
1.3 Tsarin Inganta Tsarin Gine-gine na Ƙirƙirar MoldDomin tsawaita tsawon rayuwar zoben mold na injin pellet, rage lalacewa, sauƙaƙe maye gurbinsa, da rage farashin gyarawa, ya zama dole a aiwatar da sabon ƙirar haɓakawa akan tsarin mold na zoben. An yi amfani da mold ɗin mold da aka saka a cikin ƙirar, kuma an nuna ingantaccen tsarin ɗakin matsewa a Hoto na 4. Hoto na 5 yana nuna ra'ayin giciye na mold ɗin mold da aka inganta.
Wannan ingantaccen ƙira an fi mayar da hankali ne kan injin ƙirar zobe mai siffar motsi na na'urar jujjuyawar matsi mai aiki da kuma na'urar zobe mai gyara. An sanya na'urar zobe ta ƙasa a jiki, kuma an haɗa na'urorin jujjuyawar matsi guda biyu zuwa babban shaft ta hanyar farantin haɗawa. An saka na'urar ƙirƙirar a kan na'urar zobe ta ƙasa (ta amfani da tsangwama), kuma an sanya na'urar zobe ta sama a kan na'urar zobe ta ƙasa ta hanyar ƙusoshin kuma an manne ta a kan na'urar ƙirƙirar. A lokaci guda, don hana na'urar ƙirƙirar sake dawowa saboda ƙarfi bayan na'urar jujjuyawar matsi ta birgima kuma ta yi motsi a radial tare da na'urar zobe, ana amfani da sukurori masu hana ruwa don gyara na'urar ƙirƙirar zuwa na sama da na ƙasan na'urar. Domin rage juriyar kayan da ke shiga ramin da kuma sa ya fi sauƙi a shiga ramin na'urar ƙirƙirar. Kusurwar mazugi ta ramin ciyarwa na na'urar ƙirƙirar da aka tsara shine 60 ° zuwa 120 °.
Ingantaccen tsarin tsarin mold ɗin da aka yi amfani da shi yana da halaye na zagayowar da yawa da tsawon rai na aiki. Lokacin da injin barbashi ya yi aiki na tsawon lokaci, asarar gogayya yana sa buɗewar mold ɗin da aka yi amfani da shi ya zama babba kuma ya zama mai aiki. Lokacin da aka cire mold ɗin da ya lalace kuma aka faɗaɗa shi, ana iya amfani da shi don samar da wasu ƙayyadaddun ƙwayoyin halitta. Wannan zai iya cimma sake amfani da molds da kuma adana kuɗaɗen gyara da maye gurbinsu.
Domin tsawaita rayuwar granulator da rage farashin samarwa, na'urar matsi tana amfani da ƙarfe mai yawan carbon mai yawa tare da juriya mai kyau, kamar 65Mn. Ya kamata a yi ƙirar da aka yi da ƙarfe mai ƙarfe mai ƙarfe ko ƙarfe mai ƙarancin carbon nickel chromium, kamar wanda ke ɗauke da Cr, Mn, Ti, da sauransu. Saboda inganta ɗakin matsi, ƙarfin gogayya da molds na sama da na ƙasa ke fuskanta yayin aiki yana da ƙanƙanta idan aka kwatanta da mold ɗin da aka yi. Saboda haka, ana iya amfani da ƙarfe na carbon na yau da kullun, kamar ƙarfe 45, azaman kayan ɗakin matsi. Idan aka kwatanta da molds na zobe na gargajiya, yana iya rage amfani da ƙarfe mai tsada, wanda hakan ke rage farashin samarwa.
2. Binciken injiniya na ƙirar ƙirar na'urar zobe ta pellet yayin aikin ƙirƙirar mold.
A lokacin aikin ƙera, lignin da ke cikin kayan yana tausasa gaba ɗaya saboda yanayin matsin lamba mai yawa da zafin jiki mai yawa da ake samu a cikin ƙera. Idan matsin lamba na fitarwa bai ƙaru ba, kayan yana yin ƙera ...
Ta hanyar nazarin lissafin injina da ke sama, za a iya kammala da cewa domin samun matsin lamba a kowane wuri a cikin mold ɗin da aka samar, ya zama dole a tantance matsin lamba na kewaye a wannan wurin a cikin mold ɗin da aka samar. Sannan, za a iya ƙididdige ƙarfin gogayya da matsin lamba a wannan wurin.
3. Kammalawa
Wannan labarin ya gabatar da sabon tsarin inganta tsarin don ƙirƙirar mold na zobe pelletizer. Amfani da molds masu haɗawa na iya rage lalacewar mold yadda ya kamata, tsawaita rayuwar zagayowar mold, sauƙaƙe maye gurbin da kulawa, da rage farashin samarwa. A lokaci guda, an gudanar da bincike na injiniya kan mold ɗin da ke samarwa yayin aikin sa, wanda ya samar da tushen nazari na gaba don ƙarin bincike a nan gaba.
Lokacin Saƙo: Fabrairu-22-2024