Saboda ƙananan abubuwa masu cutarwa irin su ash, nitrogen, da sulfur a cikin biomass idan aka kwatanta da makamashin ma'adinai, yana da halaye na babban tanadi, kyakkyawan aiki na carbon, sauƙin ƙonewa, da manyan abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi.Sabili da haka, biomass shine ingantaccen makamashi mai ƙarfi kuma ya dace sosai don jujjuyawar konewa da amfani.Ragowar tokar bayan konewar biomass tana da wadatar sinadirai da shuke-shuke ke buƙata kamar su phosphorus, calcium, potassium, da magnesium, don haka ana iya amfani da ita azaman taki don komawa filin.Idan aka yi la'akari da ɗimbin albarkatun albarkatun ƙasa da fa'idodi na musamman da za a iya sabunta su na makamashin halittu, a halin yanzu ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin muhimmin zaɓi don haɓaka sabon makamashi na ƙasa daga ƙasashen duniya.Hukumar raya kasa da yin gyare-gyare ta kasar Sin ta bayyana karara a cikin "tsarin aiwatar da cikakken amfani da ciyawa a cikin shirin shekaru biyar na shekaru 12" cewa, yawan amfani da ciyawa zai kai kashi 75 cikin 100 nan da shekarar 2013, kuma za ta yi kokarin wuce kashi 80 cikin dari nan da nan. 2015.
Yadda ake juyar da makamashin biomass zuwa makamashi mai inganci, mai tsabta, da dacewa ya zama matsala cikin gaggawa da za'a warware.Fasahar densification na biomass tana ɗaya daga cikin ingantattun hanyoyin inganta ingantacciyar hanyar kona makamashin halittu da sauƙaƙe sufuri.A halin yanzu, akwai hudu na kowa iri m kafa kayan aiki a cikin gida da kuma kasashen waje kasuwanni: karkace extrusion barbashi inji, piston stamping barbashi inji, lebur mold barbashi inji, kuma zobe mold barbashi inji.Daga cikin su, da zobe mold pellet inji da ake amfani da ko'ina saboda da halaye kamar babu bukatar dumama a lokacin aiki, m buƙatun ga albarkatun kasa danshi abun ciki (10% zuwa 30%), babban guda inji fitarwa, high matsawa yawa, kuma mai kyau. haifar da tasiri.Koyaya, waɗannan nau'ikan injunan pellet gabaɗaya suna da asara kamar sauƙin ƙura, gajeriyar rayuwar sabis, tsadar kulawa, da maye gurbin da bai dace ba.Dangane da gazawar da ke sama na injin pellet ɗin zobe, marubucin ya yi sabon ƙirar haɓakawa akan tsarin ƙirar ƙirar, kuma ya tsara nau'in nau'in ƙirar ƙira tare da tsawon rayuwar sabis, ƙarancin kulawa, da kulawa mai dacewa.A halin yanzu, wannan labarin ya gudanar da bincike na injiniya game da samar da mold a lokacin aikinsa.
1. Haɓaka Zane na Ƙirƙirar Tsarin Samfura don Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙaƙwalwa
1.1 Gabatarwa zuwa Tsarin Ƙirƙirar Ƙarfafawa:Za'a iya raba na'ura na pellet na zobe zuwa nau'i biyu: a tsaye da a kwance, dangane da matsayi na mutuwar zobe;Dangane da nau'in motsi, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'ikan motsi daban-daban guda biyu: abin nadi mai aiki tare da ƙayyadadden ƙirar zobe da abin nadi mai aiki tare da ƙirar zobe mai tuƙi.Wannan ingantacciyar ƙira an fi niyya da na'ura mai ƙirar zobe tare da abin nadi mai aiki mai ƙarfi da ƙayyadadden ƙirar zobe azaman nau'in motsi.Ya ƙunshi sassa biyu: na'urar isar da sako da na'urar ƙirar zobe.Tsarin zobe da abin nadi na matsa lamba sune ainihin abubuwan da ke cikin na'urar ƙirar zobe na zobe, tare da ƙirƙirar ramukan ƙira da yawa waɗanda aka rarraba a kusa da ƙirar zobe, kuma ana shigar da abin nadi a cikin ƙirar zobe.Ana haɗa abin nadi na matsa lamba zuwa sandar watsawa, kuma ana shigar da ƙirar zobe akan madaidaicin sashi.Lokacin da igiya ta juya, yana motsa abin nadi don juyawa.Ƙa'idar aiki: Da fari dai, hanyar isar da saƙo tana jigilar kayan da aka murkushe biomass zuwa wani takamaiman girman barbashi (3-5mm) cikin ɗakin matsawa.Sa'an nan kuma, motar tana motsa babban igiya don fitar da abin nadi don juyawa, kuma abin nadi na matsa lamba yana motsawa cikin sauri akai-akai don tarwatsa kayan tsakanin matsi da ƙirar zobe, yana haifar da ƙirar zobe don matsawa da rikici tare da kayan. , abin nadi na matsa lamba tare da kayan aiki, da kayan aiki tare da kayan aiki.A lokacin aiwatar da squeezing gogayya, cellulose da hemicellulose a cikin kayan hade da juna.A lokaci guda kuma, zafin da ke haifarwa ta hanyar murƙushe gogayya yana tausasa lignin zuwa cikin abin ɗaure na halitta, wanda ke sa cellulose, hemicellulose, da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa su kasance da ƙarfi tare.Tare da ci gaba da cika kayan biomass, adadin kayan da aka yiwa matsawa da gogayya a cikin ramukan ƙira yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa.A lokaci guda, ƙarfin matsi tsakanin biomass yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa, kuma yana ci gaba da haɓakawa da haɓakawa a cikin rami mai gyare-gyare.Lokacin da matsa lamba na extrusion ya fi ƙarfin juzu'i, ana fitar da biomass gabaɗaya daga ramukan gyare-gyaren da ke kewaye da ƙirar zobe, yana ƙirƙirar mai gyare-gyaren biomass tare da ƙarancin gyare-gyare na kusan 1g/Cm3.
1.2 Sawa na Ƙirƙirar Samfura:Fitar injin guda ɗaya na injin pellet yana da girma, tare da ɗan ƙaramin digiri na aiki da kai da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi ga albarkatun ƙasa.Ana iya amfani da ko'ina don sarrafa daban-daban biomass albarkatun kasa, dace da manyan-sikelin samar da biomass m kafa habaka, da saduwa da ci gaban bukatun na biomass m forming man masana'antu a nan gaba.Don haka, ana amfani da injin pellet ɗin zobe.Saboda yuwuwar kasancewar ƙananan yashi da sauran ƙazantattun abubuwan da ba na halitta ba a cikin kayan da ake sarrafa su, yana da yuwuwar haifar da lalacewa da tsagewa akan ƙirar zobe na injin pellet.An ƙididdige rayuwar sabis na ƙirar zobe bisa ga ƙarfin samarwa.A halin yanzu, rayuwar sabis na ƙirar zobe a China shine kawai 100-1000t.
Rashin gazawar ƙirar zobe galibi yana faruwa ne a cikin abubuwa huɗu masu zuwa: ① Bayan ƙirar zobe ɗin tana aiki na ɗan lokaci, bangon ciki na ramin da ke haifar da ƙura yana ƙaruwa, yana haifar da nakasu mai mahimmanci na man da aka samar;② Gandun dajin ciyarwa na kafa ramin mutuwar zobe ya ƙare, wanda ya haifar da raguwar adadin abubuwan biomass ɗin da aka matse a cikin ramin mutu, raguwar matsa lamba, da sauƙi na toshe ramin mutuwa, yana haifar da gazawar ƙirar zobe (Hoto 2);③ Bayan kayan bango na ciki kuma yana rage yawan fitarwa (Hoto 3);
④ Bayan lalacewa daga cikin rami na ciki na ƙirar zobe, kauri na bangon tsakanin sassan da ke kusa da L ya zama bakin ciki, yana haifar da raguwa a cikin ƙarfin tsarin ƙirar zobe.Cracks suna da wuyar faruwa a cikin mafi hatsarin sashe, kuma yayin da tsattsauran ra'ayi ke ci gaba da fadadawa, abin da ke faruwa na ƙwayar zobe yana faruwa.Babban dalili na sauƙi mai sauƙi da ɗan gajeren rayuwar sabis na ƙirar zobe shine tsarin da ba shi da ma'ana na ƙirar zobe (ana haɗa nau'in zobe tare da ramukan ƙira).Haɗe-haɗe tsarin na biyu ne mai yiwuwa ga irin wannan sakamakon: wani lokacin a lokacin da kawai 'yan forming mold ramukan na zobe mold aka gaji da kuma ba zai iya aiki, da dukan zobe mold bukatar a maye gurbinsu, wanda ba kawai kawo rashin jin daɗi ga maye gurbin aiki. amma kuma yana haifar da sharar tattalin arziki mai girma kuma yana ƙara farashin kulawa.
1.3 Tsarin Inganta Tsari na Ƙirƙirar MotsiDon tsawaita rayuwar sabis na ƙirar zobe na injin pellet, rage lalacewa, sauƙaƙe sauyawa, da rage farashin kulawa, ya zama dole don aiwatar da sabon ƙirar haɓakawa akan tsarin ƙirar zobe.An yi amfani da gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren da aka haɗa a cikin zane, kuma an nuna ingantaccen tsarin ɗakin ɗaki a cikin Hoto 4. Hoto na 5 yana nuna ra'ayi na giciye na ingantacciyar ƙirar ƙira.
Wannan ingantacciyar ƙira an fi niyya da na'ura mai ƙirar zobe tare da nau'in motsi na abin nadi mai aiki da ƙayyadaddun ƙirar zobe.Ƙarƙashin ƙwayar zobe na ƙasa yana gyarawa a jiki, kuma ana haɗa nau'ikan matsi guda biyu zuwa babban shaft ta hanyar haɗin haɗin gwiwa.Ƙirƙirar ƙirar ƙirar tana kunshe a ƙananan ƙirar zobe (ta yin amfani da tsangwama), kuma ƙirar zoben na sama tana daidaitawa akan ƙirar zobe na ƙasa ta kusoshi kuma an manne a kan ƙirar ƙirar.A lokaci guda, domin hana kafa mold daga rebounding saboda da karfi bayan da matsa lamba nadi mirgina a kan da kuma motsi radially tare da zobe mold, countersunk sukurori da ake amfani da gyara kafa mold zuwa babba da ƙananan zobe kyawon tsayuwa bi da bi.Don rage juriya na kayan da ke shiga cikin rami kuma ya sa ya fi dacewa don shigar da ramin mold.Matsakaicin kusurwa na ramin ciyarwa na ƙirar ƙirar ƙira shine 60 ° zuwa 120 °.
Ingantattun tsarin ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar yana da halaye na sake zagayowar da yawa da kuma tsawon rayuwar sabis.Lokacin da barbashi na'ura aiki na wani lokaci, gogayya asarar sa da budewa na kafa mold zama girma da kuma passivated.Lokacin da aka cire ƙurawar da aka yi amfani da ita kuma an fadada shi, ana iya amfani da shi don samar da wasu ƙayyadaddun ƙwayoyin halitta.Wannan zai iya cimma sake yin amfani da kyawon tsayuwa da adana kulawa da farashin canji.
Don tsawaita rayuwar sabis na granulator da rage farashin samarwa, abin nadi na matsa lamba yana ɗaukar babban ƙarfe na manganese mai ƙarfi tare da juriya mai kyau, kamar 65Mn.The forming mold ya kamata a yi daga gami carburized karfe ko low-carbon nickel chromium gami, kamar dauke da Cr, Mn, Ti, da dai sauransu Saboda inganta da matsawa jam'iyya, gogayya karfi samu da babba da ƙananan zobe kyawon tsayuwa a lokacin. Aiki yana da ƙanƙanta idan aka kwatanta da ƙirar ƙira.Saboda haka, talakawa carbon karfe, kamar 45 karfe, za a iya amfani da a matsayin abu ga matsawa dakin.Idan aka kwatanta da na gargajiya hadedde kafa zobe molds, shi zai iya rage amfani da tsada gami karfe, game da shi ragewa samar da farashin.
2. Mechanical bincike na kafa mold na zobe mold pellet inji a lokacin aiki tsari na kafa mold.
A lokacin aikin gyaran gyare-gyare, lignin a cikin kayan yana da taushi sosai saboda yanayin zafi mai zafi da zafi da aka haifar a cikin gyare-gyare.Lokacin da matsa lamba na extrusion ba ya karuwa, abu yana jurewa filastik.Kayan yana gudana da kyau bayan filastik, don haka ana iya saita tsayi zuwa d.Ana ɗaukar ƙirar ƙira a matsayin jirgin ruwa mai matsa lamba, kuma an sauƙaƙa damuwa akan ƙirar ƙirar.
Ta hanyar binciken ƙididdiga na injiniya na sama, ana iya ƙaddamar da cewa don samun matsa lamba a kowane wuri a cikin ƙirar ƙirar, yana da mahimmanci don ƙayyade nau'in dawafi a wannan batu a cikin ƙirar ƙirar.Bayan haka, ana iya ƙididdige ƙarfin juzu'i da matsa lamba a wurin.
3. Kammalawa
Wannan labarin yana ba da shawarar sabon ƙirar ingantaccen tsari don ƙirƙirar ƙirar zoben pelletizer.Yin amfani da gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare na gyare-gyare na iya yadda ya kamata ya rage lalacewa na mold, tsawaita rayuwar zagayowar ƙira, sauƙaƙe sauyawa da kiyayewa, da rage farashin samarwa.A lokaci guda, an gudanar da bincike na injiniya a kan samar da mold a lokacin aikin aikinsa, yana samar da tushen ka'idar don ƙarin bincike a nan gaba.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-22-2024